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新能源汽车 5

电动汽车 3

2021全球十大工程成就 2

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大型运载火箭 2

控制 2

智慧城市 2

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Statics of levitated vehicle model with hybrid magnets

Desheng LI, Zhiyuan LU, Tianwu DONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 35-39 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0002-4

摘要： By studying the special characteristics of permanent and electronic magnets, a levitated vehicle model with hybrid magnets is established. The mathematical model of the vehicle is built based on its dynamics equation by studying its machine structure and working principle. Based on the model, the basic characteristics and the effect between the excluding forces from permanent magnets in three different spatial directions are analyzed, statics characteristics of the interference forces in three different spatial directions are studied, and self-adjusting equilibrium characteristics and stabilization are analyzed. Based on the structure above, the vehicle can levitate steadily by control system adjustment.

关键词： magnetic levitation permanent magnet modeling equilibrium

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Modeling and simulation analysis on parallel hybrid air-fuel vehicle

Pinglu CHEN, Xiaoli YU, Xianghong NIE, Yidong FANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 553-559 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0008-y

摘要： Based on the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR, the model of a parallel air-fuel hybrid vehicle was established, and the modeling of an air powered engine (APE), heat exchanger, braking air tank and control strategy were discussed in detail. Using the vehicle model, a hybrid vehicle refitted from a traditional diesel car was analyzed. The results show that for the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) driving cycle, the total reductions in fossil fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle were 48.29%, 48.51% and 22.07%, respectively, and the emissions could be decreased greatly compared with the traditional diesel car, while the compressed air consumptions of the hybrid vehicle were 97.366, 85.292 and 56.358 kg/100 km, respectively. Using the diesel equivalent as the indicator of fuel economy, the hybrid vehicle could improve the fuel economy by 14.71% and 16.75% for the NEDC and the UDDS driving cycles and decrease by 5.04% for the HWFET driving cycle compared with the traditional car. The simulation model and analysis in this paper could act as the theoretical basis and research platform in optimizing the key components and control strategy of hybrid air-fuel vehicles.

关键词： air powered engine hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine simulation

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新型混合动力汽车全数字电力驱动系统的研究

孙玉坤,张好明

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 57-62

摘要：

混合动力汽车电机要求高效、高功率密度、低脉动转矩，普通电机显示出了其局限性；Halbach电机是一种新型永磁电机：独特的永磁体结构使其磁极磁场呈单边且正弦分布，在增加气隙磁通密度、削弱转子轭部磁通密度的同时，又可减少磁场谐波，这有利于提高电机的功率密度和效率、减小电机的体积和脉动转矩；基于MATLAB的Halbach电机设计软件和基于ANSYS有限元分析软件极大地减少了样机设计时间；针对Halbach电机特点设计了基于DSP2407A混合动力汽车全数字电力驱动系统，实验结果证明Halbach电机在混合动力

关键词：混合动力汽车电力驱动系统 Halbach阵列永磁电机有限元分析电机设计

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Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 184-196 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0465-7

摘要： This paper applies a cumulant-based analytical method for probabilistic load flow (PLF) assessment in transmission and distribution systems. The uncertainties pertaining to photovoltaic generations and aggregate bus load powers are probabilistically modeled in the case of transmission systems. In the case of distribution systems, the uncertainties pertaining to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle charging demands in residential community as well as charging stations are probabilistically modeled. The probability distributions of the result variables (bus voltages and branch power flows) pertaining to these inputs are accurately established. The multiple input correlation cases are incorporated. Simultaneously, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on a modified Ward-Hale 6-bus system and an IEEE 14-bus transmission system as well as on a modified IEEE 69-bus radial and an IEEE 33-bus mesh distribution system. The results of the proposed method are compared with that of Monte-Carlo simulation.

关键词： battery electric vehicle extended cumulant method photovoltaic generation plug-in hybrid electric vehicle probabilistic load flow

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Full lifetime cost analysis of battery, plug-in hybrid and FCEVs in China in the near future

Zhihua CAI, Xunmin OU, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 107-111 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0182-1

摘要： This paper analyzes the full lifetime cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in China in the near future. The full lifetime cost comprises the initial and periodic cost of owning and operating the vehicle. Compared with the conventional gasoline vehicles, the full lifetime cost of the BEVs, PHEVs and FCEVs are approximately 1.5, 0.5 and 2.3 times more in the short term, respectively, due to the higher initial costs and higher non-energy-related costs though the fuel costs are lower. The results also suggest that with reasonably anticipatable technological progress in the long term, the lifetime cost of advanced electric vehicles (EVs) can be close to that of gasoline vehicles. It is found that two aspects of action are most important to make BEVs cost-effective: to support technology improvement to decrease the high cost of BEV and to formulate high energy cost of operating the conventional gasoline car. Moreover, it is important to decrease the non-energy operating costs including registration fee, tax rate and etc., of BEVs at the same time.

关键词： electric vehicle (EV) life time cost China

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电动车锂离子电池的材料问题

陈立泉

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第11期页码 32-36

摘要：

简要介绍了我国电动车的开发现状，指出了发展电动车的瓶颈是电池；阐明了锂离子电池对发展电动车的作用，特别强调目前的关键是研发适于电动车的锂离子电池材料；简述了作者的实验室在电动车锂离子电池关键材料研究方面的最新进展。

关键词：电动车混合电动车锂离子电池电池材料

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Smart product design for automotive systems

A. Galip ULSOY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 102-112 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0527-0

摘要： Automobiles evolved from primarily mechanical to electro-mechanical, or mechatronic, vehicles. For example, carburetors have been replaced by fuel injection and air-fuel ratio control, leading to order of magnitude improvements in fuel economy and emissions. Mechatronic systems are pervasive in modern automobiles and represent a synergistic integration of mechanics, electronics and computer science. They are smart systems, whose design is more challenging than the separate design of their mechanical, electronic and computer/control components. In this review paper, two recent methods for the design of mechatronic components are summarized and their applications to problems in automotive control are highlighted. First, the combined design, or co-design, of a smart artifact and its controller is considered. It is shown that the combined design of an artifact and its controller can lead to improved performance compared to sequential design. The coupling between the artifact and controller design problems is quantified, and methods for co-design are presented. The control proxy function method, which provides ease of design as in the sequential approach and approximates the performance of the co-design approach, is highlighted with application to the design of a passive/active automotive suspension. Second, the design for component swapping modularity (CSM) of a distributed controller for a smart product is discussed. CSM is realized by employing distributed controllers residing in networked smart components, with bidirectional communication over the network. Approaches to CSM design are presented, as well as applications of the method to a variable-cam-timing engine, and to enable battery swapping in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

关键词： mechatronics automotive control co-design component swapping modularity active suspensions variable camshaft timing engine plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

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采用嵌入时空距离的混合蚁群算法求解一类受限车辆路径问题 Research Article

冯振辉1,2,肖人彬1,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第7期页码 1062-1079 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200585

摘要：本文研究了共享出行背景下一类受限车辆路径问题，该问题以用户订单为核心，每个订单具有预约时间限制以及起始点、目的地两个位置点转换，是典型的具有时间、空间双重约束的扩展车辆路径问题。根据该问题特征，我们建立了以运营成本最低和用户体验度最高为目标的路径规划模型。为更精确地求解模型，根据用户的时间和空间属性定义了时空距离表示函数，进而提出一种嵌入时空距离的混合蚁群算法。该算法可分为两个阶段，首先通过时空聚类，以用户之间时空距离为主要衡量指标对用户进行分类，为问题求解提供启发式信息；其次结合劳动分工策略和时空距离函数，提出一种改进蚁群算法进行优化求解，以得到最终调度路线。基于现有数据集和实际城市环境的仿真案例进行数值实验。与其他启发式算法相比，该算法将基准实例中求得的最短路径长度降低2%–14%；与其他现存路径规划算法相比，该算法在测试实例上求得的综合成本更有竞争力。最后，利用两个实际的城市环境仿真案例进一步验证了所提算法的有效性。

关键词：受限车辆路径问题；时空距离函数；劳动分工策略；蚁群算法

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Intelligent hybrid power generation system using new hybrid fuzzy-neural for photovoltaic system and

Alireza REZVANI,Ali ESMAEILY,Hasan ETAATI,Mohammad MOHAMMADINODOUSHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 131-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0446-x

摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) generation is growing increasingly fast as a renewable energy source. Nevertheless, the drawback of the PV system is intermittent because of depending on weather conditions. Therefore, the wind power can be considered to assist for a stable and reliable output from the PV generation system for loads and improve the dynamic performance of the whole generation system in the grid connected mode. In this paper, a novel topology of an intelligent hybrid generation system with PV and wind turbine is presented. In order to capture the maximum power, a hybrid fuzzy-neural maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is applied in the PV system. The average tracking efficiency of the hybrid fuzzy-neural is incremented by approximately two percentage points in comparison with the conventional methods. The pitch angle of the wind turbine is controlled by radial basis function network-sliding mode (RBFNSM). Different conditions are represented in simulation results that compare the real power values with those of the presented methods. The obtained results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method which has the advantages of robustness, fast response and good performance. Detailed mathematical model and a control approach of a three-phase grid-connected intelligent hybrid system have been proposed using Matlab/Simulink.

关键词： photovoltaic wind turbine hybrid system fuzzy logic controller genetic algorithm RBFNSM

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Robust ensemble of metamodels based on the hybrid error measure

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 623-634 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0641-7

摘要： Metamodels have been widely used as an alternative for expensive physical experiments or complex, time-consuming computational simulations to provide a fast but accurate analysis. However, challenge remains in the prior determination of the most suitable metamodel for a particular case because of the lack of information about the actual behavior of a system. In addition, existing studies on metamodels have largely restricted on solving deterministic problems (e.g., data from finite element models), whereas some real-life engineering problems (e.g., data from physical experiment) are stochastic problems with noisy data. In this work, a robust ensemble of metamodels (EMs) is proposed by combining three regression stand-alone metamodels in a weighted sum form. The weight factor is adaptively determined according to the hybrid error metric, which combines global and local error measures to improve the accuracy of the EMs. Furthermore, three typical individual metamodels that can filter noise are selected to construct the EMs to extend their application in practical engineering problems. Three well-known benchmark problems with different levels of noise and three engineering problems are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMs. Results show that the proposed EMs have higher accuracy and robustness than the individual metamodels and other typical EMs in major cases.

关键词： metamodel ensemble of metamodels hybrid error measure stochastic problem

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长征三号系列运载火箭

龙乐豪

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 11-18

摘要：

论述了长征三号系列运载火箭诞生的背景、设计思路、总体技术方案、应用发射结果及其在技术与研制工作方面的特点，展望了其发展前景，指出该系列运载火箭是我国目前性能先进的大型主力商业应用发射火箭群体。

关键词：航天大型运载火箭发射服务长征三号系列

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Design method and verification of a hybrid prosthetic mechanism with energy-damper clutchable device

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 747-764 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0644-4

摘要： Transfemoral amputees (TAs) have difficulty in mobility during walking, such as restricted movement of lower extremity and body instability, yet few transfemoral prostheses have explored human-like multiple motion characteristics by simple structures to fit the kinesiology, biomechanics, and stability of human lower extremity. In this work, the configurations of transfemoral prosthetic mechanism are synthesized in terms of human lower-extremity kinesiology. A hybrid transfemoral prosthetic (HTP) mechanism with multigait functions is proposed to recover the gait functions of TAs. The kinematic and mechanical performances of the designed parallel mechanism are analyzed to verify their feasibility in transfemoral prosthetic mechanism. Inspired by motion–energy coupling relationship of the knee, a wearable energy-damper clutched device that can provide energy in knee stance flexion to facilitate the leg off from the ground and can impede the leg’s swing velocity for the next stance phase is proposed. Its co-operation with the springs in the prismatic pairs enables the prosthetic mechanism to have the energy recycling ability under the gait rhythm of the knee joint. Results demonstrate that the designed HTP mechanism can replace the motion functions of the knee and ankle to realize its multimode gait and effectively decrease the peak power of actuators from 94.74 to 137.05 W while maintaining a good mechanical adaptive stability.

关键词： hybrid transfemoral prosthetic mechanism energy recycling wearable mechanical clutched device mechanical adaptive stability

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Diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 921-929 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2144-4

摘要： Enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts bridge the gap between enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis, which is significant for expanding biocatalysis to a broader scope. Previous studies have demonstrated that the enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts exhibited considerably higher catalytic efficiency in cascade reactions, compared with that of the combination of separated enzyme and metal catalysts. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts using Pd/lipase-Pluronic conjugates and the combination of immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) and Pd/C as models. With reference to experimental data in previous studies, the Weisz–Prater parameter and efficiency factor of internal diffusion were calculated to evaluate the internal diffusion limitations in these catalysts. Thereafter, a kinetic model was developed and fitted to describe the proximity effect in hybrid catalysts. Results indicated that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of hybrid catalysts may arise from the decreased internal diffusion limitation, size effect of Pd clusters and proximity of the enzyme and metal active sites, which provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts.

关键词： enzyme–metal hybrid catalyst internal diffusion proximity effect kinetic model

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Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

Wade A. SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0092-z

摘要： This paper presents an overall review on the historical concept development and research advancement of passive hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. It starts with an introduction to passive HIS systems and their various incarnations developed over many decades. Next, a description is provided of a recently proposed multidisciplinary approach for the frequency-domain analysis of vehicles fitted with an HIS. The experimental validation and applications of the method to both free and forced vibration analysis are discussed based on a simplified, roll-plane half-car model. A finite-element-method-based approddach for modelling the transient dynamics of an HIS vehicle is also briefly outlined. In addition, recent work on the investigation of NVH associated with HIS-equipped vehicles is mentioned. Discussion is then provided on future work to the further understanding of HIS and its applications. The paper concludes that interconnected suspension schemes can provide much greater flexibility to independently specify modal stiffness and damping parameters – a characteristic unique among passive suspensions. It points out that there is a need for system optimisation, and there are troublesome NVH issues that require solutions. It suggests that further research attention and effort be paid to NVH issues and system level optimisation to gain a greater understanding of HIS and to broaden its applications.

关键词： interconnected suspensions rollover prevention vehicle dynamics ride comfort multibody system dynamics hydraulic system dynamics

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Powertrain control of a solar photovoltaic-battery powered hybrid electric vehicle

P. PADMAGIRISAN, V. SANKARANARAYANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 296-306 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0605-8

摘要： This paper proposes a powertrain controller for a solar photovoltaic battery powered hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The main objective of the proposed controller is to ensure better battery management, load regulation, and maximum power extraction whenever possible from the photovoltaic panels. The powertrain controller consists of two levels of controllers named lower level controllers and a high-level control algorithm. The lower level controllers are designed to perform individual tasks such as maximum power point tracking, battery charging, and load regulation. The perturb and observe based maximum power point tracking algorithm is used for extracting maximum power from solar photovoltaic panels while the battery charging controller is designed using a PI controller. A high-level control algorithm is then designed to switch between the lower level controllers based on different operating conditions such as high state of charge, low state of charge, maximum battery current, and heavy load by respecting the constraints formulated. The developed algorithm is evaluated using theoretical simulation and experimental studies. The simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed technique.

关键词： battery management system hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) solar photovoltaic